"John Arbuthnot" returned 21 hits
1
Invention of logarithms, and the first published tables of logarithms.
Mediaitems:
Two pages from Napier's table of logarithms, Diagram of spherical triangles from, Napier portrait, Biography of Napier, Linear and logarithmic scales, English translation of John Napier : Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio...by Ian Bruce
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
2
Founding of demographic statistics: Development of the idea that vital statistics (records of christenings and burials in London) could be used to construct life tables. The average life expectancy in London was 27 years, with 65\% dying by age 16
Mediaitems:
Mortality table, from, Title page of Graunt's Bills of Mortality, Graunt portrait, Text of Graunt's "Observations on the Bills of Mortailty''
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
3
A map of England showing distances between cities arranged for the use of travellers.
Mediaitem:
Adams1679
Category:
Cartography
4
First test of statistical significance based on deviation between observed data and a null hypothesis (used to show that the guiding hand of a devine being could be discerned in the nearly constant ratio of male to female births in London over 1629--1710)
Mediaitems:
Graph of the sex ratio from 1620--1710, Arbuthnot portrait, Arbuthnot biography
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
5
First use of the term "statistik.'' The word "statistics'' was first used by Zimmerman in 1787. (For the earlier use of "statist'', "statista'' and other terms, see cite{John:1883}.)
Mediaitems:
Achenwall Wikipedia entry, Achenwall biography
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
6
Automatic recording of bivariate data (pressure vs. volume in steam engine) "Watt Indicator,'' (invention kept secret until 1822)
Mediaitems:
Watt Indicator detail, Watt Indicator icon, James Watt portrait, Wikipedia: Watt biography, Watt biography
Category:
Technology
7
Fitting a smoothed curve to a scatterplot, advocacy of graph paper and graphical methods as standard tools of science. ["The process by which I propose to accomplish this is one essentially graphical; by which term I understand not a mere substitution of geometrical construction and measurement for numerical calculation, but one which has for its object to perform that which no system of calculation can possibly do, by bringing in the aid of the eye and hand to guide the judgment, in a case where judgment only, and not calculation, can be of any avail.'' (p. 178)]
Mediaitems:
Herschel's graph of position vs time for $gamma$; Virginis, Derived double-orbit for $gamma$ Virginis, Herschel portrait, John Fredrick Herschel biography (French), Herschel biography, Herschel images
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
8
Use of a dot map to display epidemiological data, leads to discovery of the source of a cholera epidemic
Mediaitems:
Cholera map, same, larger (764x852; 400K), same, larger, Snow cholera map, Snow portrait, John Snow MSU web site, online companion to a Snow biography, John Snow UCLA web site, with zoomable images
Category:
Cartography
9
Representation of logical propositions and relations diagrammatically. [Actually, Liebnitz and, to some degree, Euler had used such diagrams previously.]
Mediaitems:
Venn diagram, Venn portrait, Wikipedia page on Venn and similar diagrams, Venn biography, A survey of Venn diagrams, Create your own Venn diagram
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
10
Textbook in English devoted exclusively to statistical graphics
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
11
Creation of Fortran, the Formula Translation language for the IBM 704 computer. This was the first high-level language for computing.
Mediaitems:
FORTRAN background, Backus biography and bibliography (with links and images)
Category:
Technology
12
Beginnings of EDA: improvements on histogram in analysis of counts, tail values (hanging rootogram)
Mediaitems:
Hanging rootogram for the fit of a Poisson distribution, Photo of John W. Tukey, Biography, tributes, images, bibliography of JWT, Tukey biography
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
13
Graphical innovations for exploratory data analysis (stem-and-leaf, graphical lists, box-and-whisker plots, two-way and extended-fit plots, hanging and suspended rootograms)
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
14
Start of true interactive graphics in statistics; PRIM-9, the first system in statistics with 3-D data rotations provided dynamic tools for projecting, rotating, isolating and masking multidimensional data in up to nine dimensions
Mediaitem:
Jerome Friedman portrait
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
15
Scatterplot matrix, the idea of plotting all pairwise scatterplots for n variables in a tabular display
Mediaitems:
Simple scatterplot matrix, Enhanced scatterplot matrix
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
16
S, a language and environment for statistical computation and graphics. S (later sold as a commercial package, S-Plus; more recently, a public-domain implementation, R is widely available), would become a lingua franca for statistical computation and graphics
Mediaitems:
Boxplot of the NJ Pick-it Lottery, Richard Becker portrait, The R Project for Statistical Computing, A Brief History of S (Postscript)
Category:
Technology
17
Mosaic display to represent frequencies in a multiway contingency table
Mediaitems:
Mosaic display รก la Hartigan and Kleiner, Hartigan & Kleiner 5-way mosaic of TV ratings (629 x 663; 105K)
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
18
The "draftsman display'' for three-variables (leading soon to the "scatterplot matrix'') and initial ideas for conditional plots and sectioning (leading later to "coplots'' and "trellis displays'')
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
19
Another early version of brushing, invented independently of Newton, together with a system for 3-D rotations of data
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
20
First inclusion of grand tours in an interactive system that also has linked brushing, linked identification, visual inference from graphics, interactive scaling of plots, etc.
Mediaitems:
Andreas Buja portrait, Buja home page, Hurley home page
Category:
Technology
21
Textured dot strips to display empirical distributions
Category:
Statistics & Graphics
